With Lussurioso crowned, the “revels” begin with a feast. Meanwhile, the Duke has Lussurioso swiftly released. In March 1945, 225 Lancasters dropped 1,127 tons of bombs on the medieval city of Würzburg in a raid lasting just 17 minutes. Ambitioso and Supervacuo set off directly to the prison to order the instant execution of Lussurioso. Meanwhile, Lord Antonio's wife has been raped by the new Duchess's youngest son Junior. Hippolito, Vindice's brother, sometimes called Carlo, Gratiana, a widow, and mother of Vindice, Hippolito, and Castiza, Lussurioso, the duke's son from an earlier marriage, and his heir, Antonio, a discontented lord at the Duke's court, Piero, a discontented lord at the Duke's court, Nencio and Sordido, Lussurioso's servants, This page was last edited on 3 March 2021, at 22:58. Upon their meeting, Lussurioso asks Vindice to assassinate Piato the pander, much to Vindice and Hippolito’s hidden amusement. Vindice broods over his fiancee's recent death and his desire for revenge on the lustful Duke for poisoning his beloved nine years before. A second group of murderers including Supervacuo, Ambitioso, and Spurio then arrives; they discover their intended victims already dead, and then turn on and kill each other. Their plan works perfectly, with the Duke’s son concluding exactly what they had hoped. The differences between the two, however, stem from the topic of "moral disorientation" found in The Revenger's Tragedy which is unlike anything found in a Shakespeare play. They realize to their dismay that the head is the youngest son's. Ambitioso and Supervacuo, the Duchess’s other two sons, vow to help their Junior Brother escape imprisonment; they hold their own ambitions to attain power too. At the end of the play he is a satisfied revenger, which is typically Senecan. Vindice accepts his fate, pleased to have brought about his revenge. This monologue is spoken by Vindice, who says he will take revenge and explains the corruption in court. In 1987, Di Trevis revived the play for the RSC at the Swan Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon; Antony Sher played Vindice. Her daughter also has an exemplary name, Castiza ("chastity"), as if to fall in line with the conventions of the Morality drama, rather than the more individualized characterization seen in their counterparts in Hamlet, Gertrude and Ophelia. The Duke poisoned Vindice's girlfriend because she wouldn't sleep with him, so you can see why Vindice is upset with him. [11] The critics who supported the Tourneur attribution argued that the tragedy is unlike Middleton's other early dramatic work, and that internal evidence, including some idiosyncrasies of spelling, points to Tourneur.[10]. It's convoluted, disgusting and full of over-the-top gory acts of vengeance. Seeing Lussurioso already dead, they turn on each other, and all three are quickly killed in the ensuing fight. The Revenger's Tragedy: Thomas Middleton | University of Oxford Podcasts - Audio and Video Lectures Revenger's Tragedy is a great little movie directed by Alex Cox and starring Christopher Eccleston as the "Revenger." They found fertile ground in the newly revived children's companies, the Blackfriars Children and Paul's Children;[3] these indoor venues attracted a more sophisticated crowd than that which frequented the theatres in the suburbs. Exhilarated by his success and revenge, Vindice confides in Antonio that he and his brother murdered the old Duke. This trend towards court-based tragedy was contemporary with a change in dramatic tastes toward the satiric and cynical, beginning before the death of Elizabeth I but becoming ascendant in the few years following. [10] Tourneur was accepted as the author despite Archer's unreliability and the length of time between composition and attribution (Greg, 316). "[8], While the play does not quite imply sexual intercourse with a corpse, some critics have found a strong connection to desire that can be found in the instances where the skull is used. Tragically, Antonio’s wife commits suicide because of her shame at being raped. Although the notion of authorship was not nearly so precious to the playwrights of the Jacobean era as it is to us today, whoever wrote this play may have had some special reason to remain anonymous, perhaps because the play contains such a gleeful advocacy of government overthrow. The Duchess, Castiza, and Gratiana are the only three female characters found in the play. The Duke is poisoned by kissing the supposed lady and is subsequently stabbed by Vindice after being forced to watch the Duchess betray him with Spurio. Our, "Sooo much more helpful than SparkNotes. The play was first attributed to Cyril Tourneur by Edward Archer in 1656; the attribution was seconded by Francis Kirkman in lists of 1661 and 1671. Vindice and Hippolito come up with another ingenious idea: to dress the Duke up in the Piato disguise and pretend to kill him. The dying Lussurioso is unable to expose Vindice's treacheries to Lord Antonio. Along the way, there are so many plots, subplots, and sub-sub-sub plots that the side switches in Pirates of the Caribbean 3 will seem like mere child's play. Hippolito tells Vindice a rumor he has heard—that the Duchess is “cuckolding” the Duke by having an affair with Spurio. The Revenger's Tragedy is an English-language Jacobean revenge tragedy formerly attributed to Cyril Tourneur but now generally recognised as the work of Thomas Middleton. The Revenger's Tragedy belongs to the second generation of English revenge plays. It uses onomastic rhetoric in Act 3, scene 5 where characters play upon their own names, a trait considered to be Senecan. Before bringing this plan to fruition, Hippolito and Vindice (now undisguised) visit Gratiana and force her to confess her immorality; satisfied with her repenting distress, they put their daggers away and praise her for changing her ways. "Ghosts and Guides: Kyd's 'Spanish Tragedy' and the Medieval Tragedy". This work, which opens with the Ghost of Andrea and Revenge, deals with Hieronimo, a Spanish gentleman who is driven to melancholy by the murder of his son. It was performed in 1606, and published in 1607 by George Eld. DUCHESS. Hippolito informs Vindice that Lussurioso, the Duke’s lusty son, asked Hippolito to procure a “pander” (a contemporary word for pimp) to help win the affections of an especially chaste virgin. Much to Vindice’s surprise, Antonio has him and Hippolito immediately sentenced to death, worried that they might plot against him too. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class.”. AT LONDON Printed by G.ELD, and are to be sold at his house in Fleete-lane at the signe of the Printers-Presse. Teachers and parents! This is also very different from Vindice's dialogue, as well as dialogue altogether in The Revenger's Tragedy.[15]. The play is in accordance with the medieval tradition of Christian Complaint, and Elizabethan satire, in presenting sexuality mainly as symptomatic of general corruption. The play is attributed to Middleton in Jackson's facsimile edition of the 1607 quarto (1983), in Bryan Loughrey and Neil Taylor's edition of Five Middleton Plays (Penguin, 1988), and in Thomas Middleton: The Collected Works (Oxford, 2007). LUSSURIOSO, his son. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Lussurioso resolves he must sleep with her that same night. Spurio rushes away to kill Lussurioso in flagrante delicto. "Let the man who seeks revenge remember to … Vindice laments the death of his beloved Gloriana some years back. The Revenger's Tragedy is influenced by Seneca and Medieval theatre. His main target is the Duke, who nearly ten years earlier poisoned Vindice’s fiancée, Gloriana, when she refused his sexual advances. All he receives in return is a smack on the face, which he is privately grateful for, impressed by his sister’s commitment to her honor. The Revenger's Tragedy is an intense tragic burlesque.Its hero, Vindice, desires to avenge the death of his betrothed. [7], Michael Neill notes that the name "Spurio" derives from the Latin term "spurius" which does not mean just any illegitimate offspring, but "one born from a noble but spouseless mother to an unknown or plebeian father." Hearing the commotion, Antonio comes in with guards and is shocked to behold the bloodbath in front of him. SPURIO, his bastard son. Vindice and Hippolito hatch a cunning and macabre plan: to dress up Gloriana’s skull as a living woman, place poison in her mouth, and then trick the Duke into kissing her. Instant downloads of all 1428 LitChart PDFs Vindice, Hippolito, and two accomplices burst in and fatally stab Lussurioso and his three noblemen. [21], This article is about the play. Almost immediately after, Spurio, Supervacuo, and Ambitioso arrive with the same murderous intentions. However, the author's tone and treatment are markedly different from the standard Elizabethan treatment in ways that can be traced to both literary and historical causes. [17] Although The Revenger's Tragedy does not personify this trait with a character, it is mentioned in the opening monologue with a capital, thereby giving it more weight than a regular noun. The Revenger’s Tragedy2020-03-095.0Reviewer's ratingCheek by Jowl’s latest venture into the world of Shakespeare and his contemporaries take the form of a modern-dress, Italian-language version of the most famous of the revenge-tragedy genre. Revengers Tragedy (2003) Un (2004) Revengers Tragedy is a 2003 album by Chumbawamba which served as the soundtrack to the 2003 film adaptation of the 1606 play The Revenger's Tragedy. Things get even worse when the Duke's stepson, Junior, rapes a virtuous woman who is married to a nobleman named Antonio. (including. Antonio, appalled, condemns them to execution. She notes that "Gloriana's skull is a prop endowed with remarkable spectacular and material efficacy. "[16] To personify Revenge is seen as a Medieval characteristic. Vindice kneels down to Lussurioso, who is drawing his last breaths, and gleefully reveals his true identity. This idea is discussed in a scholarly article written by Scott McMillin, who addresses Howard Felperin's views of the two plays. In 2008, two major companies staged revivals of the play: Jonathan Moore directed a new production at the Royal Exchange, Manchester from May to June 2008, starring Stephen Tompkinson as Vindice, while a National Theatre production at the Olivier Theatre was directed by Melly Still, starring Rory Kinnear as Vindice, and featuring a soundtrack performed by a live orchestra and DJs Differentgear. Vindice, disguised as "Piato," is accepted by Lussurioso, who tells him that the virgin he desires is Hippolito's sister, Castiza; and he predicts her mother will accept a bribe and be a 'bawd to her own daughter'. The Revenger's Tragedy is a Jacobean Revenge play written in 1606 by (scholars now believe) Thomas Middleton.. A vivid and often violent portrayal of lust and ambition in an Italian court, the play typifies the satiric tone and cynicism of much Jacobean tragedy. Considering the description of the skull it should be impossible to discern its gender yet throughout in each section it is mentioned with the gender of a woman attributed to a woman. The brothers decide that Vindice will undertake this role in disguise, to give an opportunity for their revenge. In a post-apocalyptic Liverpool of the future, Christopher Eccleston ( Elizabeth, 28 Days Later ) returns from a self-imposed exile to bring down those responsible for his wife s murder. This is such a stereotyped role that it discourages looking at her circumstance in the play, but because she is a widow it could be assumed to include financial insecurity, which could help explain her susceptibility to bribery. As it hath been sundry times Acted, by the Kings Maiesties Seruants. Vindice, alone, vows to kill Lussurioso, but decides meanwhile to stay in disguise and put his mother and sister to the test by tempting them. Already by 1606, the enthusiasm that accompanied James I's assumption of the English throne had begun to give way to the beginnings of dissatisfaction with the perception of corruption in his court. Vindice, the play’s protagonist, appears on stage holding skull of his deceased fiancée, Gloriana, who was killed nearly ten years ago by the Duke as punishment for refusing his advances. As Thomas Laqueur puts it, "while the legitimate child is from the froth of the father, the illegitimate child is from the seed of the mother's genitals, as if the father did not exist." The new prominence of tragedies that involved courtly intrigues seems to have been partly influenced by this dissatisfaction. The Revenger's Tragedy tells the story of Vindice, who's trying to get revenge on the man who poisoned his fiancée nine years ago. Hello Friends Today we are going to discuss William Shakespeare's Hamlet as a Revenge Tragedy. Between spells of madness, he discovers who the murderers are … Created by director Declan Donnellan and designer Nick Ormerod for Milan’s renowned Piccolo Teatro, The Revenger’s Tragedy is transformed into a macabre dance of … Some people think that it was intended as a parody of the revenge-tragedy genre so popular at the time. The Revenger's Tragedy (1606), now widely attributed to Thomas Middleton, is a play that provides a dark, satirical response to other revenge tragedies such as Hamlet. As the Duke and his entourage pass by, Vindice vows from the shadows to take his revenge. This personality-split is then repeated, in an episode exactly reversing the pattern, by her ironic, intelligent daughter. Vindice gets his new mission – to kill "Piato". According to Karin S. Coddon, there is a sense of macabre eroticism that pervades the work. Drew Schofield in the trailer for the 2003 film Revengers Tragedy The Revengers Tragædie. Lussurioso is arrested for attempting treason; in the excitement, Hippolito and Vindice discreetly withdraw. Vindice is the play’s protagonist and main avenger (though other characters have revenge motives too). The Revenger's Tragedyis an English language, George Eld. The best-known revenge tragedy written after Hamlet is The Revenger’s Tragedy, by Thomas Middleton, which was first performed in 1606. Revengers Tragedy is a film adaptation of the 1606 play The Revenger's Tragedy (attributed to Thomas Middleton in the credits, following the scholarly consensus). The Revenger’s Tragedy is a cynical revenge play by Thomas Middleton, a Jacobean playwright.It was first performed in 1606 and portrays a tragic and ambitious battle for power in an unnamed seventeenth-century Italian court. In this production, the actors wore punk costumes and the play took place in a disquieting underground location which resembled both a disused parking lot and a ruined Renaissance building. An adaptation of Thomas Middleton s celebrated play from 1607, Revengers Tragedy tells the story of a man whose wife is murdered on their wedding day and his desire to exact revenge on the murderer. As the brothers are led away, Antonio hopes that their deaths will bring an end to all the treason and tragedy. Vindice and Hippolito then bring Lussurioso to the Duke’s body, which is dressed in Piato’s clothes. Before they arrive however (and unknown to them) the Duke's countermanding order is obeyed and Lussurioso is freed. Vindice gives Lussurioso the false news that Castiza's resistance to his advance is crumbling. Like many other plays from that same theatrical tradition, such as John Webster’s The White Devil, The Revenger's Tragedy is set in Italy. [6] In Dollimore's view, earlier critical approaches, which either emphasise the play's absolute decadence or find an ultimate affirmation of traditional morality in the play, are insufficient because they fail to take into account this vital strain of social and ideological critique running throughout the tragedy. The Duchess's other sons, Ambitioso and Supervacuo, whisper a promise to have him freed; the Duchess vows to be unfaithful to the Duke. Ambitioso and Supervacuo arrive at the prison and present the Duke's first warrant to execute, in their words, "our brother the duke's son." Due to the ironic and witty matter in which The Revenger's Tragedy handles received conventions, however, it is an open question as to how far the presentation of gender in the play is meant to be accepted as conventional, or instead as parody. The scheme with the Duke's corpse is successful and the Duke's death becomes public knowledge. But because he is playing the role of Piato, he turns his attentions to his and Castiza’s mother, Gratiana. All songs written and produced by Chumbawamba Liverpool: Drive with Care - 5:13; Despite its title, The Revenger’s Tragedy is as much a black comedy as a revenge tragedy. The revenge drama derived originally from the Roman tragedies of Seneca but was established on the English stage by Thomas Kyd with The Spanish Tragedy (performed c. 1587). Probably not for young audiences (language, violence), but is timely and full of of quirky, chaotic fun. ", The play also adapts Senecan attributes with the character Vindice. More than 5,000 people died, 66 per cent of them women and 14 per cent children. One of the most influential 20th-century readings of the play is by the critic Jonathan Dollimore, which claims that the play is essentially a form of radical parody that challenges orthodox Jacobean beliefs about Providence and patriarchy. Vindice informs Lussurioso of the relative success of his visit, while privately doubling down on his commitment to kill both the Duke and the Duke’s son. Lussurioso tells Hippolito he wants to get rid of "Piato," and asks if Vindice (of whom he knows only by report) would replace him. A Revenger's Tragedy is the final storyline mission in Grand Theft Auto IV, if the " Deal " storyline was chosen. Vindice, the revenger, frequently disguised as Piato (both the 1607 and 1608 printings render his name variously as Vendici, Vindici and Vindice, with the latter spelling most frequent). Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Developing the conceit of a game of chess in order to satirise the court’s relationship to catholic Spain, the play … Modern Philology 33.1 (1935): p. 27. Struggling with distance learning? In Hamlet time is discussed in wider ranges, which is especially apparent when Hamlet himself thinks of death. A summary of the great variety of evidence for Middleton's authorship is contained in the relevant sections of Thomas Middleton and Early Modern Textual Culture, general editors Gary Taylor and John Lavagnino (Oxford, 2007). Ambitioso and Supervacuo, still confident that Lussurioso has been executed, both look forward to succeeding the throne in his place. "Marston's Antonio's Revenge: The Morality of the Revenging Hero". In western culture, the revenge plot has been one of the linchpins of narrative structure, it is central to much Greek tragedy and was immensely popular in Elizabethan and Jacobean theatres. [10] There are indications that this play was submitted by Middleton to Robert Keysar of The Queen's Revels company under the name of The Viper and Her Brood. Gleefully gory, macabre yet mischievous, Cheek By Jowl's The Revenger's Tragedy is a stylish and energetic satire that succeeds in translating Jacobean drama for the 21st century. Angered, Lussurioso rushes off to find Spurio and bursts into the ducal bedchamber, only to find his father lawfully in bed with the Duchess. The Duke, sensing their ambitions, sends them to deliver a death warrant to the prison—which is mistakenly understood by the guards to be meant for Junior Brother. Spurio agrees to the Duchess’ scheme, but more out of resentment towards his father for his illegitimacy than any true feelings towards her. Their scheme works perfectly; as further vengeance, they orchestrate the Duke’s dying moments to be spent witnessing the illicit behavior of the Duchess and Spurio. Vindice and Hippolito confront Gratiana for her earlier willingness to prostitute Castiza bringing her to repentance. The revenge tragedy genre of English literature generally refers to a body of dramatic works written from the mid-1580s to the early 1640s, from the Elizabethan to the Caroline period. The meeting is in a dark and secret place near where the Duchess has arranged a meeting with Spurio. More recent scholarly studies arguing for attribution to Middleton point to thematic and stylistic similarities to Middleton's other work, to the differences between The Revenger's Tragedy and Tourneur's other known work, The Atheist's Tragedy, and to contextual evidence suggesting Middleton's authorship (Loughrey and Taylor, xxvii). Meanwhile, Vindice is hired again as a pander – this time by the Duke himself. A Brussels theatre company called Atelier Sainte-Anne, led by Philippe Van Kessel, also staged the play in 1989. Dramatic elements common to Revenge Tragedy include the vengeance spurred on by the death of a loved one, … Lussurioso realizes that he is now at the top of the court hierarchy and makes plans for festivities to mark his ascension to the Dukedom, while pretending to grieve for his father. A vivid and often violent portrayal of lust and ambition in an Italian court, the play typifies the satiric tone and cynicism of much Jacobean tragedy. The Revenger’s Tragedy and A Game at Chess. Written by Thomas Middleton (Shakespeare’s contemporary) at a time of growing social unease, the play confronts us with a government embroiled in shady affairs and a society obsessed with money, social status and fame. The guards misinterpret these words, taking instead the youngest son out to instant execution. In 1976, Jacques Rivette made a loose French film adaptation Noroît, which changed the major characters into women, and included several poetic passages in English; it starred Geraldine Chaplin, Kika Markham, and Bernadette Lafont. Revenge tragedy (sometimes referred to as revenge drama, revenge play, or tragedy of blood) is a theoretical genre in which the principal theme is revenge and revenge's fatal consequences. These children, who could not take the paternal name, were called "spurius" because they sprang in effect from the mother alone—the word itself deriving from "spurium," an ancient term for the female genitalia. Soon after, Lussurioso comes to Hippolito to ask to meet his brother, Vindice. Vindice's use of the skull to kill the duke borders on a form of prostitution which also implies the sexual nature surrounding the partial corpse. The play fell out of favour at some point before the restoration of the theaters in 1660; however, it experienced a revival in the twentieth century among directors and playgoers who appreciated its affinity with the temper of modern times.[1]. The Duke refuses to pardon Junior Brother, leading the Duchess to plot revenge on her husband by having an affair with his bastard son, Spurio. [9], The play was published anonymously in 1607; the title page of this edition announced that it had been performed "sundry times" by the King's Men (Loughrey and Taylor, xxv). McMillin goes on to disagree with the idea of a "moral disorientation", and finds The Revenger's Tragedy to be perfectly clear morally. Gratiana ("grace"), Vindice's mother, exemplifies female frailty. The way the content is organized, “Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Its violence is deliberately over-the-top and its plot absurdly complicated. The Revenger's Tragedy was first published around 1607, just a few years after Hamlet. DRAMATIS PERSONAE DUKE. Set in 2011 in a post-apocalyptic Liverpool, "Revengers Tragedy" … For the film, see, Baker, Howard. Operating in disguises he provokes discord among his enemies so … It was also staged by the New York Protean Theatre in 1996. Hippolito and Vindice, by chance, overhear a servant tell Spurio that Lussurioso intends to sleep with Castiza "within this hour." As the Duke and his entourage pass by, Vindice vows from the … Vindice, disguised as Piato the pander, visits Castiza and tries to use his powers of persuasion to make her give up her virginal purity for Lussurioso. Supervacuo and Ambitioso pretend to plead with the Duke to be lenient with Lussurioso, while secretly aiming to speed up his execution. After Lussurioso realizes it’s not the Duke, they reason, he will assume Piato himself killed the Duke and swapped their clothes in order to aid his getaway. Vindice and Hippolito lead a group of conspirators which, shortly after the installation of Lussurioso as Duke, kills the new Duke and his supporters. The Duke, seeing through Ambitioso and Supervacuo's pretended reluctance to see Lussurioso executed, dispatches them with a warrant for the execution of his son "ere many days," but once they have gone he gives a countermanding order for his son's release. McMillin asserts The Revenger's Tragedy is truly about theater, and self-abandonment within theatrics and the play itself. Vindice's brother Hippolito brings news: Lussurioso, the Duke's heir by his first marriage, has asked him if he can find a procurer to obtain a young virgin he lusts after. Lussurioso notices a blazing star in the sky, usually a harbinger of terrible events—but reasons it away as he has already been made Duke. Vindice meets with his brother, Hippolito, who is committed to helping Vindice impose his vengeful justice. He brazenly admits his guilt, even joking about it, but to widespread surprise the Duke suspends the proceedings and defers the court's judgement. 1608. It’s quickly apparent that he is now the natural successor to the Dukedom. Executed on a tight budget (designer Christopher Morley had to use the sets from the previous year's Hamlet), Nunn's production earned largely favourable reviews.[20]. He is brother to Hippolito and Castiza, and the son of Gratiana. Ignored for many years, and viewed by some critics as the product of a cynical, embittered mind,[4] The Revenger's Tragedy was rediscovered and often performed as a black comedy during the 20th century. Vindice, the play’s protagonist, appears on stage holding skull of his deceased fiancée, Gloriana, who was killed nearly ten years ago by the Duke as punishment for refusing his advances. Sensing an opportunity, Vindice disguises himself as “Piato” the pander and takes on Lussurioso’s mission—but to his horror the virgin in question is Castiza, his and Hippolito’s own sister. [18], A Dutch adaptation, Wraeck-gierigers treur-spel, translated by Theodore Rodenburgh, was performed and published in 1618. The production toured in Italy in early 2019 and in Europe in early 2020. Antonio wonders what happened, and Vindice can’t help but reveal his role in the bloody events. The play was entered in the Stationer's Register on 7 October 1607 and was performed by the King's Men. LitCharts Teacher Editions. It was performed in 1606, and published in 1607 by George Eld. 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Murdered the Old Duke is upset with him, so you can why. For every important quote on LitCharts he provokes discord among his enemies so … the Revenger Tragedy... Main avenger ( though other characters have revenge motives too ) years.. Times Acted, by the King 's Men kneels down to Lussurioso, while secretly aiming to up... At the end of the time regarded Italy as a parody of the time regarded Italy as Medieval... And a Game at Chess ) to find him a virgin too in 1607 by George.... Lussurioso resolves he must sleep with her that same night bringing her to repentance Duke 's countermanding order is and! And self-abandonment within theatrics and the Duke himself stepson, Junior, rapes a virtuous who! This role in the ensuing fight the Revenging Hero '' violence is deliberately over-the-top and plot. An episode exactly reversing the pattern, by chance, overhear a tell. Analysis, and the Medieval Tragedy '' to ask to meet his brother murdered Old... By the new Duchess 's youngest son Junior the role of Piato, he now! Become a cauldron of fire Piccolo Teatro ( Milan ) son Junior his entourage pass by, vows. Very different from Vindice 's mother, Gratiana mirrors the revenger's tragedy views of play! Frank Cottrell Boyce true identity play for the RSC at the signe of the.! They realize to their dismay that the head is brought in from prison the content is organized “... End to all the treason and the revenger's tragedy. [ 15 ] first published 1607... An offer of gold would not give in to his advance is crumbling by George Eld starts...
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