"Entry for 'EXODUS, THE'". We are told that the water was driven back by "a strong east (or "contrary") wind" in the night (Exodus 14:21), and the sea (or "lake," as the word yam often means in the Old Testament; see Gesenius, Lexicon, under the word) was thus "divided," a shoal being formed and the waters being heaped up (Exodus 15:8), so that when the wind ceased they rushed back; whereas, during the passage, they were a "wall" or "defence" (Exodus 14:22) against any flank attacks by the Egyptians (compare 1 Samuel 25:16, where David's men are said to have been a "wall" when defending Nabal's shepherds). Thus 175 years elapsed between Jephthah's victory and the foundation of the Temple--a total of 475 years, or rather more, from Joshua's conquest. The direct route from Zoan leads to Phakousa (Tell Faqus) by a march of 15 miles through well-watered lands. It was perhaps two days' journey from Etham, since the lakes are 30 miles long; or, if Etham was farther South than the head of the lakes, the distance may have been covered by one forced march of 20 to 25 miles, the beasts being watered from the lakes if they were then filled with fresh water, as they would be when having an outlet to a tideless sea. The period of bondage given in ( Genesis 15:13 Genesis 15:14 ; Exodus 12:40 Exodus 12:41 ) and Gala 3:17 as 430 years has been interpreted to cover different periods. The Pharaohs as a rule--like other kings--only recorded their victories, and no doubt reckoned Israel only as a tribe of those "hostile Shasu" (or "nomads") whom the Theban kings of the XVIIIth Dynasty drove back into Asia. 1300. No mention of Israel occurs in connection with any of these events. Lepsius asserted that the Exodus occurred in 1314 BC, being the 15th year of Minepthah; but this is generally regarded as at least half a century too early for the year in question, and Israel was not in Egypt even ten years earlier in his reign. by Frank Gaebelein, 2:369). See on ver. The view advocated by Brugsch, according to which the sea crossed was a lagoon near Pelusium, has found no supporters, because it directly conflicts with the statement that Israel did not follow the shore road to Philistia, but went by the wilderness of the Red Sea. What Does it Mean That God Is a Jealous God? Encyclopedias - Condensed Biblical Encyclopedia - The Exodus, California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information, the fear that his brethren would not believe him (, and his inability to speak with fluency (. fierceness of man” was made to “turn to his praise.” Naturally, severe and It is in a series of commands regarding assault and injury. Please enter your email address associated with your Salem All-Pass account, then click Continue. Soc., 1890, 157-60; 1892, 60-62; 1898, 277; 1899, 53; 1907, 214). Other Views 5. God appoints Moses to lead the people out of this bondage. The approximate dates given by Brugsch for the XVIIIth and XIXth Dynasties are very close to those which can be deduced from notices of contemporary kings of Babylon (History of Egypt, II, 314). Lepsius in like manner, in order to establish his date, accepted the chronology of the Talmud, which is notoriously 166 years too late for the known date of the fall of Samaria, and he endeavored (while rejecting the Old Testament statement as to the 480 years) to base himself on the number of generations before the Exodus, whereas it is well known that the Hebrew genealogies often give only the better-known names and skip several links. At the age of forty he forsook the court of Pharaoh and attempted to ally himself with the chosen people ( Exodus 2:11 Exodus 2:12; Acts 7:22-25; Hebrews 11:23-27). The book of Exodus establishes God's covenant relationship with the full-fledged nation of Israel. Others make it to cover only the period of bondage spend in Egypt. Bible Dictionaries - Smith's Bible Dictionary - Exodus, The, Encyclopedias - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - Exodus, The, California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. In the Hebrew Bible the book’s name is taken from the first two Hebrew words in verse 1, elleh (these) and shemoth … We'll send you an email with steps on how to reset your password. The effect of the wind on shallow waters can be seen at the mouth of the Kishon, where a shoal exists which is dry with a west wind, but under water and impassable when the wind blows down the river. Tacitus, about 100 AD (Hist, v. ii), believed the Jews to have fled from Crete to Libya and, being expelled from Egypt, to have been led by their "Captains Jerusalem and Judah." The Exodus. The name Exodus comes from the Greek Septuagint and means “departure” or “going out,” because of the departure of the nation of Israel from Egypt. Rameses to Succoth 3. 23:12; Deut. Old Testament Chronology 2. The descendants of Abraham prosper after settling in Egypt, only to be enslaved by a fearful, hateful Egyptian Pharaoh. 5. 6. How did the Lord bring them out? 199) "people of the land of the 'Abiri." 6. Ephraim however was born in Egypt (Genesis 41:52), and his sons and "children of the third generation" (Genesis 50:23) remained there. Question: "What does it mean that ‘the Lord is my strength and my song’ (Exodus 15:2)?" The sea which Israel crossed is not named in the actual account of the journey, but in the So of Moses (Exodus 15:4) it is called the "Red Sea" in the English Versions of the Bible, following the Septuagint, the Hebrew name being Yam Cuph, or "weedy sea," a term which applied not only to the Gulf of Suez (Numbers 33:10), but also to the Gulf of 'Aqabah (Deuteronomy 28; 1 Kings 9:26). Which date is right depends chiefly on the interpretation of the Scripture period of 430 years, as denoting the duration of the bondage of the Israelites. The objection was urged by Voltaire, and the consequences were elaborately calculated by Colenso. The actual statements of the Books of Kings, giving parallel reigns from the time of Solomon's death down to the fixed date of the fall of Samaria in 722 BC, place the foundation of the Temple within a few years of 1000 BC. Copyright © 2021, Bible Study Tools. exodus definition: 1. the movement of a lot of people from a place: 2. the second book of the Bible telling of Moses…. On the other hand, in favor of the starting-point having been at Zoan, we read that the "way of the land of the Philistines" was "near" (Exodus 13:17). In the opinion of the present writer the difficulty is due to a corruption of the original statement, which occurred during the course of some fifteen centuries, or more, of continued recopying; but the reader will no doubt form his own conclusions as to this question. Dr. Hommel has also recently declared in favor of the view that the Exodus took place under the XVIIIth Dynasty (Expository Times, February, 1899). This story Josephus discredits, remarking: "I think therefore that I have made it sufficiently evident that Manetho, while he followed his ancient records, did not much mistake the truth of the history, but that, when he had recourse to fabulous stories without any certain author, he either forged them himself without any probability, or else gave credit to some men who spoke so out of their ill will to us"--a criticism sounder than that of Lepsius, who prefers the libelous account of a prejudiced Egyptian priest of the 3rd century BC, identifying Moses with a renegade priest of Heliopolis named Osarsiph, to the ancient Hebrew records in the Bible. The previous chapter of Exodus contains the Ten Commandments. Other Views of the Route, 1. The Flight of Moses to Midian. Why were animals included? He says that "Sutekh (the Hittite god) has turned his back on their chief"; "the Hittites are quieted, Pa-Kan'ana is ravaged with all violence"--this town being otherwise known to have been near Tyre--"the people of Israel is spoiled, it has no seed"; "Ruten has become as the widows of the land of Egypt." The word exodus means a going out, or departure. Number a Corruption of Original Statement 4. Review. E. de Bunsen supposed that the Exodus occurred early in the times of the XVIIIth Dynasty; Sir Peter le Page Renouf said that "no materials have yet been discovered for fixing historical dates in periods of Egyptian history as far back as the Hebrew Exodus"--which was true when he wrote. His account only reaches us secondhand through Josephus (Apion, I, 14, 15, 26-31), this Hebrew author rejecting it as fabulous. The Starting-Point 2. All rights reserved. We therefore find that Joshua's conquest is placed about 1480 BC, and the Exodus about 1520 BC. A Text of Minepthah, City Rameses 2. He repelled them, but they again attacked Rameses III (about 1200 BC), and were again driven to the North. The Babylonian chronology thus gives a far safer basis than do these doubtful observations. The word "exodus" means "to go out"; it's where we get our word "exit" from. Another theory (see SINAI), according to which the "Red Sea" always means the Gulf of 'Aqabah, is equally discarded by most writers of experience, because the distance from Egypt to Elath on this gulf is 200 miles, and the Israelites could not have traversed that distance in four marches, especially as the route has hardly any water along it in springtime. She therefore might be the "daughter of Pharaoh" (Exodus 2:5) who adopted Moses--no king being mentioned in this passage, but appearing (Exodus 2:15) only when Moses was "grown"; for her regency lasted more than 20 years, till Thothmes III came of age. Finally, God sets up camp in the midst of the new nation: they are his people, and he is their God. The history of the exodus itself commences with the close of that of the ten plagues. The book of Exodus establishes God's covenant relationship with the full-fledged nation of Israel. In his 8th year Rameses II took various towns in Galilee including Salem (North of Taanach), Merom, Beth-Anath, Anem and Dapur (Daberath at the foot of Tabor). After being sold into slavery in Egypt, Joseph, son of Jacob, was sustained by God and greatly blessed. No Pharaoh is mentioned by name in the Old Testament till the time of Rehoboam. 7. Manetho was an Egyptian priest who wrote about 268 BC, and who evidently hated the Jews. Nor is this the only evidence which destroys his theory; for Dr. Flinders Petrie (Contemporary Review, May, 1896) has published an equally important text of the 5th year of Minepthah, from Thebes. From those at the time of our forefathers. ( noun ) the Exodus. 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